- hamiltonian variable
- 哈密顿变量
English-Chinese dictionary of mechanical engineering (英汉机械工程大词典). 2013.
hamiltonian variable
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Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics) — In quantum mechanics, the Hamiltonian H is the observable corresponding to the total energy of the system. As with all observables, the spectrum of the Hamiltonian is the set of possible outcomes when one measures the total energy of a system.… … Wikipedia
Hamiltonian (control theory) — The Hamiltonian of optimal control theory was developed by L. S. Pontryagin as part of his minimum principle. It was inspired by, but is distinct from, the Hamiltonian of classical mechanics. Pontryagin proved that a necessary condition for… … Wikipedia
Geodesics as Hamiltonian flows — In mathematics, the geodesic equations are second order non linear differential equations, and are commonly presented in the form of Euler–Lagrange equations of motion. However, they can also be presented as a set of coupled first order equations … Wikipedia
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Travelling salesman problem — The travelling salesman problem (TSP) is an NP hard problem in combinatorial optimization studied in operations research and theoretical computer science. Given a list of cities and their pairwise distances, the task is to find a shortest… … Wikipedia
Helmholtz free energy — In thermodynamics, the Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamic potential which measures the “useful” work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at a constant temperature and volume. For such a system, the negative of the difference in… … Wikipedia
Optimal control — theory, an extension of the calculus of variations, is a mathematical optimization method for deriving control policies. The method is largely due to the work of Lev Pontryagin and his collaborators in the Soviet Union[1] and Richard Bellman in… … Wikipedia
Classical central-force problem — In classical mechanics, the central force problem is to determine the motion of a particle under the influence of a single central force. A central force is a force that points from the particle directly towards (or directly away from) a fixed… … Wikipedia
Legendre transformation — f(x) . The function is shown in red, and the tangent line at point (x 0, f(x 0)) is shown in blue. The tangent line intersects the vertical axis at (0, f^star) and f^star is the value of the Legendre transform f^star(p 0) , where p 0=dot{f}(x 0) … Wikipedia
Adiabatic invariant — An adiabatic invariant is a property of a physical system which stays constant when changes are made slowly.In thermodynamics, an adiabatic process is a change that occurs without heat flow and slowly compared to the time to reach equilibrium. In … Wikipedia
